ANATOMICAL TERMINOLOGY

 ANATOMICAL TERMINOLOGY

Position's of the body:

What is anatomical position of the body?

The person/body is standing upright / straight with eye's looking forwards,upper limbs hanging by the side's of the body and palm's directed forwards and lower limbs positioned straight with feet approximated together and flat,toes pointing forwards.

DIFFERENT PLANES OF THE BODY

1. Median (mid sagittal) plane:imaginary plane's that divides  the body into two equal half right & left .
2. Sagittal (parasagittal) plane: its a plane parallel to medial plane
3. Coronal (frontal)plane: it is a vertical plane at right 
4. Transverse plane : divides into upper (superior) and lower (inferior) halves of the body

ANATOMICAL TERM'S

Term's used to explain the relationship between body parts and structure's relative to each other .

Terms:

Anterior (front):Towards the front aspect of the body.

Example:The belly button is located on the anterior side of the body

Posterior(back):Towards the back aspect of the body .

Example:spine ,back,calves

Superior: Towards the head .

Example:head-The head is the most superior part of the body, located above the neck.

Inferior: Towards the feet.

examples:

Feet – The feet are the most inferior part of the body, located at the bottom.

Pelvis– The pelvic region is inferior to the abdominal area and is located at the lower part of the trunk.

Median: Along the midsigittal (median) plane

Example: spine

Medial:Towards the median plane .

Lateral: Away from the medial plane .

Intermediate:between medial and lateral .

Superficial and deep : 

        These terms are used to explain the relative position of the two structure.

 VENTRAL : Towards the body.

 DORSAL   : Towards the back.

CRANIAL   : Towards the head.

CAUDAL    : Towards the tail.

SPECIAL TERMS FOR LIMBS : 

Proximal : refers to a position that is closer to the trunk.

Example : The elbow is proximal to the wrist because it is closer to the shoulder, which is the point of attachment of the arm.

Distal : refers to a position that is away from the trunk.

Radial : Towards the outer border of the upper limb .

Ulnar : Towards the inner border of the inner limb

JOINT 

• The site where two or more bone's come together 

Terms used to joint movement

• Flexion : Movement that takes  place in sagittal plane in the transverse axis .It approximates the flexor surface of the adjoining parts and reduce the angle of joint.

Example:

       Flexion of elbow

• Extension : Movement that approximates the extensor surface of the adjoining parts

Example:

      Extension of elbow 

• Abduction : Movement of a limb away from the midline of the body.
• Adduction : Movement of the limb towards the body.
• Medial rotation : Towards the medial inward rotation .
• Lateral rotation : Outward rotation away from the medial .
• Circumduction :circular - cone like movement of the body segment which involves flexion ,extension , abduction and adduction.
• Supination : Rotation of the forearm and hand laterally from mid prone position around the longitudinal axis so that palm faces anteriorly .
• Pronation : Medial 
• Inversion : Movement of the sole in which the sole faces inwards or medially.
• Eversion : movement of the foots sole away from the body's midline , turning it outward.
• Protraction : movement of a body part forwards or the state of being protruded.
• Retraction : movement of a body part back to its original position or further back.
• Elevation : movement in a superior direction.
• Depression : movement of a body part in a downward or inferior direction.