ANATOMY OF SKIN AND FASCIA

 ANATOMY OF SKIN AND FASCIA.

skin is a soft covering of the entire external surface of the body

SURFACE AREA & THICKNESS.

→ surface area of a skin in adult : 1.5 to 2 sq meters

thickness : 0.5 to 6mm

PIGMENTATOIN OF SKIN

• Melanin : brown colour 
• Melanoid : brown colour 
• Carotene : yellow to orange colour
• Oxyhemoglobin : red colour 
• Colour is red where keratin is thin and white

LAYER'S OF SKIN

Mamali skin is composed  of 2 layer

SKIN 

EPIDERMIS

• Super facial layer made up of epithelia

DERMIS 

• deeper layer made up of connective tissue.

EPIDERMIS 

• It is superficial ,avascular layer which is made up of stratified squamous epithelium 

a. Stratum Corneum.

b. Stratum lucidum

c. Stratum granulosum

d. Stratum spinosum

e. Stratum germinativum

CELLS OF EPIDERMIS

→ keratinocytes - produce the fibrous protein keratin

→ Melanocytes - produce the brown pigment melanin.

 DERMIS

• Supports the epidermis 
• Consists of collagen , reticular and elastic fibre 
• Modify the structure and function of epidermis 
• Play role in :
• Strength and elastic of skin
• Maintenance and repair of skin

PART OF DERMIS 

• The dermis is structurally divides into areas
• Superficial 

TYPES OF SKIN 

• Thick skin (5 layer)
• Think skin(4 layer)

Thick skin:

• Prominent stratum corneum
• Well developed stratum granulosum
• Palm of the hand

Sweat glands

• Sweat glands are distributed all over the skin
• Excrete water , salts and metabolic wastes.

Sebaceous glands

• Small , sacculated in appearance , which secretes oil

Blood supply & nerve supply 

• Epidermis avascular 
• Motor nerve 
• Sensory nerve 

FUNCTIONS OF SKIN

• Protein 
• Sensory
• Temperature regulation
• Absorption 
• Secretion
• Excretion
• PH regulation
• Synthesis
• Storage 
• reparative

FASCIA

• Under  the skin of the 1st layer 
• Superficial fascia 
• Deep fascia
• It is a general coating of the body beneath the skin ,made of loose areolar tissue , with varying amount of fat .
• Fat id abundant in gluteal region

MODIFICATION OF DEEP FASCIA

• Inter muscular septa
• Muscle covering : epimysium,perimysium,endomysium
• Nerve covering : epineurium , perineurium , endoneurium 
• Sheath covering vessels 
• Sheath covering joints : capsule , synovial , membrane , bursae 
• Sheath covering tendon
• In palm and sole aponeurosis
• In between bone interosseous membrane 
• Retinaculum

FUNCTION OF DEEP FASCIA

• Keeps underlying structure in position 
• Provides extra surface of muscular attachment
• Helps in venous and lymphatic return
• Assists muscles in their act